Treaty of Waitangi and Sustainability Worksheet

TTEC4849 Business Practice and Vehicle Safety

Treaty of Waitangi and Sustainability Worksheet

How does sustainability and freedom from pollution pertain to the treaty?

Instructions: Read the Treaty and answer the questions below. This may be used for theory classroom discussion.

Waikato-Manukau Treaty copy (English)

HER MAJESTY VICTORIA Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland regarding with Her Royal Favour the Native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and anxious to protect their just Rights and Property and to secure to them the enjoyment of Peace and Good Order has deemed it necessary in consequence of the great number of Her Majesty's Subjects who have already settled in New Zealand and the rapid extension of Emigration both from Europe and Australia which is still in progress to constitute and appoint a functionary properly authorised to treat with the Aborigines of New Zealand for the recognition of Her Majesty's Sovereign authority over the whole or any part of those islands – Her Majesty therefore being desirous to establish a settled form of Civil Government with a view to avert the evil consequences which must result from the absence of the necessary Laws and Institutions alike to the native population and to Her subjects has been graciously pleased to empower and to authorise me William Hobson a Captain in Her Majesty's Royal Navy Consul and Lieutenant-Governor of such parts of New Zealand as may be or hereafter shall be ceded to her Majesty to invite the confederated and independent Chiefs of New Zealand to concur in the following Articles and Conditions.

Article the first [Article 1]

The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs who have not become members of the Confederation cede to Her Majesty the Queen of England absolutely and without reservation all the rights and powers of Sovereignty which the said Confederation or Individual Chiefs respectively exercise or possess, or may be supposed to exercise or to possess over their respective Territories as the sole sovereigns thereof.

Article the second [Article 2]

Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf.

Article the third [Article 3]

In consideration thereof Her Majesty the Queen of England extends to the Natives of New Zealand Her royal protection and imparts to them all the Rights and Privileges of British Subjects.

(signed) William Hobson, Lieutenant-Governor.

Now therefore We the Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand being assembled in Congress at Victoria in Waitangi and We the Separate and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand claiming authority over the Tribes and Territories which are specified after our respective names, having been made fully to understand the Provisions of the foregoing Treaty, accept and enter into the same in the full spirit and meaning thereof in witness of which we have attached our signatures or marks at the places and the dates respectively specified. Done at Waitangi this Sixth day of February in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty.

Treaty from this site: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/4609

                                                                                                                                                 

1.  What part of the Treaty relates to pollution and sustainability? Write the phrase that relates here: (If you can’t find it, reread Article 2)

 Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession.

2.  What are ways that modern civilization could pollute the land, the sea, or the air?

  There are many things can pollute land the sea or the air for example oil spill that happened recently in tauranaga that polluted the sea it had really big impact on it killed lots of fishes making the water oily and contaminated for them to swim there as well.

  The land gets contaminated by the excessive farming and deforestation. It causes soil erosion and thus the most fertile layer of the earth gets eroded.

  The air gets polluted by the emissions from the cars and the factories. The residual that comes out from the industries also cause the air quality getting worse.

3.  What New Zealand legislation directs what should happen about pollution? (You may need to do an internet search to find this.) Record your answers here:

The Resource Management Act 1991 is New Zealand’s environmental protection legislation. The Act’s purpose is to promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources. There are three sections, 15, 17 and 340, that are specifically relevant to your responsibility to prevent pollution.

Section 15 prohibits unauthorised discharges of contaminants to land and water. Put simply, this means that nothing but rainwater can be discharged onto the ground, into stormwater drains or into streams, lakes or the sea without authorisation from the Regional Council. It is illegal to cause pollution and substantial penalties can be imposed, including fines up to $200,000 and up to two years imprisonment. See Section 15 of The Resource Management Act 1991 on www.legislation.govt.nz

Section 17 makes individuals responsible for ensuring that their activities do not result in pollution. Everyone must take responsibility for his or her actions. If you are the director of a company, you are also responsible for ensuring that all of your staff and contractors are aware of this responsibility. See Section 17 of The Resource Management Act 1991 on www.legislation.govt.nz

Section 340 makes you responsible for works carried out on your behalf (i.e. by your employees or people you have contracted or subcontracted to) and means you can be held liable for any unauthorised discharges to ground or the stormwater system as a result of those activities. See Section 340 of The Resource Management Act 1991 on www.legislation.govt.nz

http://www.northshorecity.govt.nz/OurCommunity/EnvironmentalEducation/PollutionPrevention/Pages/EnvironmentalLaw.aspx

Air pollution monitoring is done by a number of organisations in New Zealand, including the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), the National Institute for Water and Atmosphere (NIWA), Regional Councils and industry. 

TTEC4849 Business Practice & Vehicle Safety

Vehicle Safety Inspection Sheet

Instruction:  Use this form to do a safety check on a vehicle and record whether systems meet compliance with New Zealand Vehicle Safety Regulations. Information on Regulations can be found at http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/virm-in-service-certification/virm-in-service-certification.html#intro. Use a flat floor shop area and a vehicle to perform the inspection. ( keep standard safety practices in mind. ) The Brake Test to be performed on the Rolling Road Dyno in 108-1065 under the guidance of  your Lecturer. Analyze your findings at the end to make recommendations for the vehicle.

Student Name Leo           Contac No 021908162

Vehicle: Make MAZDA   Model FAMILIA  Year 1998

VIN: SSBELTSOK01007  Fule type: Petrol

External Inspection:

Compliant?          Item:                                                    Comments:
Yes                     Direction Ind. Lamps Front                  Good
Yes                     Forward Position Lamps                      Good
Yes                     Front Fog Lamps                                 Good
Yes                     Direction Ind. Lamps Rear                   Good
Yes                     Rearward Position Lamps                    Good
Yes                     Stop Lamps                                         Good
Yes                     Hig-mounted Stop Lamps                    Good
Yes                     Registration Plate Lamps                      Good
Yes                     Rear Reflectors                                    Good
Yes                     Other Lamps                                       Good
Yes                     Windscreen                                         Good
Yes                     Other Glazing                                      Good
Yes                     Doors and Hinged Panels                    Good
Yes                     Mudguards                                          Good
Yes                     External Projections                             Good
Yes                     Structure/Corrosion                             Good
Yes                     Dimensions                                          Good

Internal Inspection:

Compliance?       Item:                                               Comments:
No                      Wipers/Operation                           Non operation
Yes                     Rear View Mirrors                         Good
Yes                     Sun Visors                                     Good
No                      Seatbelts                                        Getting old
Yes                     Seatbelt Anchorages                      Good
Yes                     Seatbelt & Seat Anchorages          Good
Yes                     Head Restraints                             Good
No                      Interior Impact                               N/A
Yes                     Air Bag Self Check                        Good
No                      ABS Self Check                            No ABS Check Light
Yes                     Audible Warning Device                Good
No                      Spare Wheel Security                    N/A
No                      Space Saver Warning Label           N/A

Chassis Underbody:

Compliance?      Item:                                              Comments:
Yes                    Wheels, Hubs & Axels                   Good
Yes                    Steering Mechanism                       Good
No                     Suspension Mechanism                  Bent Suspension Link
Yes                    Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines                  Good
Yes                    Cable Linkage                               Good
Yes                    Brake Controls                              Good
Yes                    Lines & Hoses                               Good
Yes                    Exhaust System                             Good
Yes                    Tire Condition                               Good
Yes                    Tire Tread Depth                           Good
                                                                                          LF 4mm     RF 2.9mm     LR 3mm     RR 4.1mm
Yes                    Towing Connections                      Good
Yes                    Towing Safety Chain( s )                Good
Yes                    Structure/Corrosion                       Good

Road Brake Test:

Compliance?      Item:                                             Comments:
Yes                    Service Brake Readings                Pass
                                 Front 7%     Rear 8% or     LF 2.83     RF 3.7     LR 1.00     RR 0.92
Yes                   Service Brake Performance           Good
Yes                   Service Brake Balance                  Good
Yes                   Parking Brake Readings                Good
                                                                             16% or     LH 1.23     RH 1.03 
Yes                   Parking Brake Performance          Good
Yes                   Speedometer                                Good

Under Bonnet:

Compliance?     Item:                                            Comments:
No                    A/F System in Working Order     N/A
No                    A/F System Cert. Current            N/A
No                    A/F System Safe                         N/A
No                    Modified Vehicle                         N/A
No                    Chassis VIN Number                  N/A
No                    Structure/Corrosion                     N/A
No                    Engine & Drive Train                   N/A
No                    Fuel System                                 N/A

Customer Story of a Bad Experience

Customer Story of a Bad Experience

The task i had to do is read the story i am going post and understand it and after the story i have to answer some questions regarding the story most to do with the law and stuff .


This is a true story.
The year was about 1958, in California, before there were strong consumer laws. Don Higgins owned a laundry and dry cleaning business, in which he used one of the new Volkswagen bus trade vans for his deliveries.

He would pick up dirty clothes from businesses (like restaurants and auto repair shops),clean them and deliver them back. He liked his Volkswagen van: it had lots of space to hang the clothes and it got good fuel economy. Up until recently, it had been very reliable. But lately the engine wasn’t running very well. The engine was regularly missing and had low power.So in the morning, Don took his van to his local auto repair shop. He told them it needed fixing, maybe just a tune up, and he got a ride back to his cleaning business. Then in mid-afternoon, he went back to pick up his van. To his surprise, the van wasn’t ready. If fact, the repair shop owner showed Don the engine that was now out of the van. The exhaust valve for number 3 cylinder was burnt, causing the poor running engine and lack of power. The shop owner said he could have the engine fixed and back in the van in 3 or 4 days. And the bill would be about $400.00. (In 1958, this was a lot of money. Don’s monthly mortgage on his house was only about $120.00 per month.) Don was very upset. He was so upset that I (Steve McAfee) heard about this as the little boy who lived next door to Don.

1. From Don’s point of view, what was wrong here? What did the shop do wrong that upset Don so much.(After all, they were fixing his van.)

Don was upset because he thought his van just need tune up and it's not a big problem that should be quickly to done,he doesn't konw that a big problem, to fixed that would take long time and mush money, also Don needed the van for his business, and the repair shop should told Don what's the problem befor they showed the engine out of the van.

2. From the repair shop owner’s point of view, what was wrong with Don getting upset at them? What did they do right or wrong?

From the repair shop point of view Don didn’t know fixed the van would take long time and the rapair shop have told him that its going to take long if him wanted to get it fixed maybe ask him before he was going to the job,also maybe that need much money to do it.

3. What should have been done in this circumstance? If you were Don, what would you have wanted to be done?

If i was don i would took the van to the repair shop and told them what problem withe my van, how is it looks like and would asked to take it for a drive and see what the problem could be and once you find the problem how much would be cost and how long is going to take because i business need the van, it's very important for me.

4.When the repair was finished, and Don went to pick up his van, he took the van and did not pay the whole repair bill. Did the repair shop have the right to hold the van until they got paid?
I am not sure is that legitimate or not but i would assume the repair shop could have hold on to the van until him paid the full amount of bill.

5. If Don took the repair shop to court, what would you have ruled if you were the judge? Should the repair shop pay for a replacement rental vehicle?Should Don pay the whole repair bill? Should the repair shop pay Don for lostbusiness because he could not pick up and deliver clothes to his customers?

Ok if was the judge back then i would say both of the parties were wrong because what Don told the repair man was fix it up or it needs a tune up so the repair man thought i would just fix it up whatever it need but he should have also confirmed it with Don because it was a big so i think Don should pay all for the repair and the repair have to pay for his business because both of them all made mistake, and both of them have take their responsibility.

6. What New Zealand laws relate to this story? What do New Zealand laws say should have been done in this case?

Perhaps the strongest force behind consumerism is the consumer legislation, which governs so many aspects of the buyer/seller relationship. The current legislation has gone a long way to improving both the rights of the consumer, as well as the rights of the seller.

The Disputes Tribunal

The Disputes Tribunal is a place where people bring disputes before a trained referee and try to reach

Agreement

How the Disputes Tribunal Operates

The two parties are given an opportunity to discuss the issues disputed and reach an agreement.

If they reach agreement, the referee will check what is fair to both parties and make the agreement the

tribunal’s decision.

If they cannot reach agreement, the referee thinks about what is fair for both parties, considers the evidence

and makes a decision, which is legally binding, on all parties.

In each case the referee must consider the:

• Laws relevant to the case

• Evidence which has been presented

• Merits and justice of the case

What you can Claim

• Money up to $3,000 or with agreement between both parties $5,000

• That you don’t have to pay money

• The return of property

• That work be done

• Consequential loss or the indirect loss you suffered as a result of someone else’s actions.

Consumer Advice Service

This service is offered free and can give information and help when consumers have problems with:

• Goods they have bought, i.e.,

- Cars or car parts

- Household goods

- Clothes

• Services they have paid for, i.e.,

- Trade services - plumbing/servicing

- Financial services - hire purchase/loans

- Professional services - lawyers, dentists

- Other services - travel booking, electricity

Honda Multiplexing Board Worksheet

Honda Multiplexing Board Worksheet

This multiplex system was used for body controlled functions on 1996 to 2002 Honda accord and 1996 onward prelude. It utilises three nodes ( control units ) drivers door, drivers side and passenger side. The testing procedure is divided in to three sections
Communication lines and  nodes from mode 1, inputs from mode 2. If the system passes these test from mode 1 and 2, but is still faulty the problem is likely to be an output.

1: Using the wiring diagram identify the plugs/ pins and wire colours for the communication lines between the nodes.
Multiplex control unit to multiplex control unit drive A15 to A2 Brown wire. Multiplex control unit drives to multiplex control unit to passanger B1 to B9 Pink wire.

2: Using the wiring diagram identify the plugs/ pins and wire colours for the Earths and voltage supply lines between the nodes.
Multiplex control unit door is A12 to G401, multiplex control unit drivers is B11 to G501 & A14 to G401 , multiplex control unit passanger is B22 to G501 & A8 to G461. (G501 , G401,Black wire)

3: Ask your instructor to create a fault in the unit
Describe in detail how this fault is affecting the normal operation of this system
I setp up to mode2, everything works well, except the driver side rear door light switch.

4: Using the wiring diagram analyze the fault and describe in detail what may be causing this fault
I think the problem should be the right ( left ) rear door switch disconnection from multiplex control unit door switch or something wrong with the ground connection.

5: After reading the manual put the system in to test mode 1. Note the codes ( if any ) and possible faults that the system gives you
There is no codes come out

6: Do the codes concur with what you thought the problem might be from question 4, explain
Because there is no codes and beep, so I can not check my thought from question 4 is right or wrong

7: Go to step 5, can you conduct this test? Why/ Why not.
Yes, all the communction lines were good

8: Conduct the tests in step 6, what is your results and conclisions.
Door to drive's, Brown wire was good , it was 5.2V as the spec 3.5-9.5V
Drive's to passanger's, Pink wire also good, like 5.2V, it as the spec 3.0-10.0V

9: Put the system in to diagnostic mode 2, conduct the input test and note the results.
When I put to mode 2, all works well with beep, but the drive side rear door light switch doesn't work and without beep.

10: Explain your results and conclusions, Does it concur with your diagnosis from question 4?
The switch should be faulty as the rest work, but drive side rear didn't. All the communcation lines in good contion.

WS3B Lab SCope

WS3B Lab Scope

Make : TOYOTA          Model : 4A-FE

Signal Name : MAP/Fuel injection

Draw the pattern below :

 Explain the operation of the sensor or Actuators using the Graph:
( Use arrows at different points , and describe what happens theres )
A: Grounding /Dwell time
B: Voltage spike from collapsing magnefeild
C: stablizing voltage
D: Idle voltage
E: Throttle opening ( Increase in Air Pressure )
F: Throttle slat ( High vaccum )

Explain in detail how these two components relate each other
As air pressure increase & MAP voltage increase , so fuel injectors ground for a longer time so fuel is being injected


Signal Name RPM Sensor
Draw the pattern below :

 Explain the operation of the sensor or Actuator using the Graph :
( Use arrows at differebt points , and describe what happens there )
A: Highest voltage induced from magnels.
B: Change in polarity
C: No voltage induced
D: Dwell time

Explain in detail how tow components relate each other
As peaks form crank sensor become close or frequeng increases fuel injectors ground more other because the RPM in the engine increases.

Singal Name : Primary & Fuel Ignition
Draw the pattern below :

  Explain the operation of the sensor or Actuator using the Graph :

( Use arrows at differebt points , and describe what happens there )

A: Dwell time/charge time/Primars Coil

B: Firing KV when coil ungrounded

C: Dwell time of fuel injector

D: Voltage returning to 12V after voltage spike

Explain in detail how two components relate each other 

The bigger DWELL Time the primars coil KV builds up then free. Fuel injectors fire first.

Signal Name : Ignition voltage & Ignition Current

Draw the pattern below :

  Explain the operation of the sensor or Actuator using the Graph :

( Use arrows at differebt points , and describe what happens there )

A: No current in coil

B: Mas current builds up in the coil when coil is ungrounded current drops to 0 Amps

C: Ground time , Dwell time of ptimars coil

D: Firing KV

Explain in detail how these two components relate each other

When primary  coils ground or driving dwell time , the current graduetly increase . In the primar coil, until coils is ungrounded the current drops to 0 Amps & the Firing KV is produced 

WS2 Flash Codes

WS2 Flash Codes

Make : MITSUBISH     Model : LEGNUM     Year : 1997

Warning : Be careful working around engines and exercise caution to avoid injury .
Note : The engine check light must be working .

If you have problems with the task ,  see you lecturer for help .

1  Flash/Blink Codes
1.1 Find a engine/vechicle that you have the workshop manual with the correct procedure and codes to diagnose the flash codes
1.2 Have your tutor create a fault in the EFI system
1.3 Using the workshop manual follow the procedure to extract the codes , explain briefly what is the procedure .

 Earth out pin 1 on the data link connector and turn to on lights should flash on the dash.

2 Trouble Codes Or Fault Codes
2.1 Find where the codes are listed
2 .2 Record any codes , and what system and condition they describe in the chart below ( Example : migt be code number 21 , for Throttle Position Sensor , signal voltage too low )
Code number               System affected               Condition described
          23                             Camshaft                           Low voltage

3 Visual inspection to find fault
3.1 Do a visual inspection under the bonnet where the problem is . Use information from the code to know where to look for the problem and what type of problem to look for .
3.2 Describ the problem you found:
Sensor and dirt built up


4 Repair fault
4.1 Plug back in the connector , or repair problem found
      Describe what you did :
Clean up the terminals would repair the problem .

5 Clear Codes
             Describe what you did to clear the codes :
Disconnect the battery for 30 seconds

6 Recheck for codes and record codes in system now :
No codes come out

7 How could the faults found affect the engine performance
The engine would miss fire

8 Discuss what other tests you should be doing once you have found the fault codes:
Check all sensor are functionals correct 

WS8 Primary & Secondary Ignition Patterns

WS8 Primary & Secondary Ignition Patterns
Make  : Toyota           Model : 4A-FE

Warning : Ignition coils create high voltage . It can be dangerous , so avoid getting too close to ignition parts when engine is running . Make your connections when the engine is off , and then keep your distance when the engine is running . Even some primary voltage is high enough to stop a "Pacemaker".

Also : Do not run engines with secondary ignition HT leads " open circuit " . Make sure they are grounded to engine through a spark plug , grounding wire , or spark tester.

If you have problems with task , see you lecturer for help.

1.0 Primary Voltage Patterns
1.1 Set up a lab scope or ignition oscilloscope to view the primary ignition pattern ( in parade or display mode ) on your lab scope , with the engine warmed up and idling.
1.2 Record the average Firing Voltage ( or " step up voltage ) for each cylinder in the chart below. Some variation is normal , just pick the average . If you don't understand what this is , review the resource information available.
1.3 Record the average Burn Voltage for each cylinder in the chart below .
1.4 Record the average Burn Time in milliseconds for each cylinder in the chart below .
1.5 Record the average Dwell Time for each of the cylinders in the chart below . What unit of measurement are you using to measure the dwell time ?    MS
1.6 Are all these primary ignition voltage reading normal ? Yes
please discuss what is normal or abnormal about this pattern and what causes it ?
This patten is normal as it shows the dwell or charge time , the firing KV , the burn time and the stabalizing voltage.
Cyl1               Cyl2               Cyl3               Cyl4               Primary Ignition
250V             250V              250V             250V              Firing Voltage
53V               52V                50V               54V                Burn Voltage
1.1ms            1.0ms              1.0ms            1.1ms              Burn Time
5.8ms            5.6ms              5.7ms            5.7ms              Dwell Time
1.7 Draw or photograph the Primary Ignition oscilloscope parade pattern from your scope into the box below . Do it carefully and show the detail you need to see for diagnosis . Record voltage and time scales.

1.8 Discuss what the primary display or parade pattern emphasizes for diagnosis . What can it help you see?
That can help me see whether there is a long enough dwell time , whether the firing KV is high enough , also we can see the burn time
1.9 Some scopes have the facility to use raster or stacked display . How could this help you to diagnose a fault . What can you see more clearly?
I can see at more than one voltage wave  pattern at the time. This can help me to easily pin point faults in the primary and secondary ignition.

2.0 Secondary Voltage Patterns
2.1 Set up your ignition oscilloscope or lab scope to view the secondary ignition patterns on your lab scope , with the engine warmed up and idling . ( Use parade mode or individual mode on each different cylinder , depending on scope available .)
2.2 Record the average Firing Voltage ( or "Step Up voltage ) for each cylinder in the chart below . Some variation is normal , just pick the average . If you don't understand what this is , review the resource information at the back of this worksheet.
2.3 Record the average Burn Time for each cylinder in the chart below .
Are all these secondary ignition voltage reading normal ? Yes
Discuss what is happening in the pattern and what it is telling you about the ignition system .
This shows the dwell time of the secondary ignition, it's also shows the firing voltage for the spark and the burn time for the spark.
2.5 Do a Snap Acceleration  ( don't damage the engine by revving too high or for too long ) and record in the chart below how high the Firing voltage ( KV ) went under Snap Acceleration .
Cyl1               Cyl2               Cyl3               Cyl4               Secondary Ignition
6KV              6KV               6KV              6.5KV            Firing Voltage
1.8ms            1.7ms              2.0ms            1.4ms              Burn Time
13KV           13KV              13KV            13KV             Snap Acceleration
2.6 Are all these Snap Acceleration secondary ignition voltage readings normal ? Yes
Discuss whta is happening and what the pattern is telling you.
Yes these reading were normal as the graph shows , the firing KV increase as the engine RPM increase.
2.7 Draw or photograph the Secondary Ignition lab scope pattern while idling from your scope in to the box below . Do it carefullt and show the detail you need to see for diagnosis

2.8 If you can stfely do this , ( with the engine stopped ), gently disconnect one spark plug wire , and short to the engine with a jumper wire . Which cylinder number did you short ? 4
2.9 Start the engine and let it dile ( for only a short time .) Record the new Firing Voltage and Burn Time for all the cylinders in the chart below.
Cyl 1               Cyl 2               Cyl 3               Cyl 4               Recondary Ignition
6KV                6KV               6KV               4KV                Firing Voltage ( KV )
2.8ms              2.2ms              2.0ms             3.9ms               Burn Time      ( ms )
2.10 Draw or photograph the shorted Secondary Ignition waveform you see now on your scope.

2.11 Discuss what is happening in the shorted ignition pattern and how the ignition pattern tells you what it is happening in the ignition system .
The shorted cyl has a much lower firing voltage and a much longer burn time as there is no force required to jump the spark plug gap to earth
2.12 Remove the ground wire and attach the spark plug wire back on the engine so it is normal again . Run the engine a bit to clear the spark plug .
2.13 Stop the engine and attacg a spark tester to another spark plug wire . Start the engine and let it idle ( for only a short time ) . Record the new Firing Voltage and Burn Time for all the cylinders in the chart below.
Cyl 1               Cyl 2               Cyl 3               Cyl 4               Secondary Ignition
7KV               13KV             6KV                7KV                Firing Voltage
1.5ms             1.3ms              2.1ms              1.7ms               Burn Time
2.14 Draw or photograph the spark tester Secondary Ignition waveform you see now on your scope . Show the detail that is necessary for accurate diagnosis . Include time and voltage

2.15 Stop the engine , remove the spark tester ( be gentle ) , replace the spark plug wire , and run the engine to clear the spark plug . The engine should be back to normal now . If not , tell your lecturer.
 2.16 Discuss what happens to the ignition waveform when the spark tester is attached to the spark plug wire . What does it tell you about the igntion system .
On the spark plug with the spark tester , the firing voltage was much higher as there is a larger gap to jump . That means there is less energy after the spark has jumped the gap so there is shorter burn time .
2.17 Removw the spark tester carefully , and put everything back together on the engine . Engine runs fine ?Yes

Practice Back-Probing connectors on the Bench

Parctice Back-Probing connectors on the Bench

Note: Part of this practice is to make sure you do not damage terminals and connectors when doing electrical testing . Your score for this exercise depends on whether or not you damage the terminals and connectors. 

Check the box at the end of each step when it is completed:
If you have problems with the task , see you lecturer for help.

Warning : be careful of puncturing yourself with the pins . Wash and disinfect area if you puncture yourself.

Lets start with simple review of using multi-meters

1.0 Meter reading Ohms with wires not connected
1.1 Turn on meter , set it to measure ohms , make sure the leads are not touching anything ( open circuit ) .Record the readout on your meter: 0Ω
11.2 Describe what the readout above means when doing electrical testing:
It means there is an open circuit , no current can flow.

2.0 Meter reading Ohms wires connected
2.1 Meter on , set to Ohms , touch leads together and record the readout on your meter : 0.3Ω
2.2 Describe what the readout above means when doing electrical testing :
This means a circuit has been created , it's the resistance in the leads

This skill is one you need to be able to do in the workshop working on cars , so we start by practicing them on them on the bench  :

3.0 Practice back probing connectors
3.1 Find a hard shell connector , with the attached terminals and wires that you can test .
3.2 Back probe a wire on one side , probe gently from the front on the other side , and measure the resistance , Record the reading : 0.3Ω
3.3 Do you konw you made a good connection with the wire ? And describe how you know ?
Yes , when I connected the leads tegether the resistance was at 0.3Ω , when I did the back probing connection the resistance was same as multi-meter leads connection at 0.3Ω ,thereforce I made connecting in back lecturer.

WS1 Petrol Fuel Injector Testing

WS1 Petrol Fuel Injector Testing

Warning ,be careful of diesel common rail injectors .They can have very high voltage ;do not touch the electrical connectors .This worksheet is only for petrol engines that have up to 15 volts at the injectors.

1.Listen to the injectors as the engine is idling .Use stethoscope ,vacuum line or long screwdriver .Be careful of moving parts .They should sound like a sharp tap ,not a dull thud or nothing.    OK
Can you get to all the injectors?   Yes
Comment :  I  heared a small  sound from all injector .We made the test because we have to make sure they working well , if there got any problem with the fuel injectors that will have a lot of things can happen to your car like the injector will be using a lot of fuel and it will be hard to start if that is cold or hot it would be idling smoothly .

2.Check voltage to the injectors when idling or Key On .This makes sure you have battery voltage to the injectors so they can work.
Record battery voltage :14.06V
Record voltage at each injector you can get to by back probing .Be careful to not puncture or damage wiring.
Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
14.05V       14.06V        14.06V       14.06V 

3.With engine idling ,watch injector firing by using an LED tester or test light ( with normal incandescent bulb ). Hook up test light and connect tip to pin taht has back probed connector to injector .As the injector is grounded by the ECM to fire ,the test light should also be grounded to fire ,and will flash .
 Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
  OK              OK              OK              OK

4.With engine idling ,watch injector firing by using a multi-meter set to read % (duty cycle). Record the readings for each cylinder at idle in the boxes below.
Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
3.9%           3.9%            3.9%           3.9%

5.With the multi-meter still set to read % (duty cycle), accelerate the engine with short, fast throttle openings (don’t over-rev or damage the engine please), and note in the boxes below the maximum % reading you can get on the multi-meter: note the RPM.
Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
12.5%         12.6%         9.3%           10.1%

6.Set the multi-meter to read Hz, and with the engine idling, record the readings for each cylinder in the boxes below :
Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
15Hz           24Hz           20Hz           21Hz

 7. With the multi-meter still set to read Hz, increase the engine RPM (don’t damage the engine), and watch how the Hz changes. Record your highest reading in the boxes below: Take the readings at the same RPM as you used in question 5.
Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
108HZ        119Hz         118Hz        125Hz

Using this formula calculate the pulse width of each injector both at idle and when the engine is revved up

“Pulse width ms= (% Duty cycle/100)/Frequency”

Show your calculations 
3.9x100/15=26ms          12.5x100/108=11.57ms
3.9x100/24=16.25ms    12.6x100/119=10.59ms
3.9x100/20=19.5ms       9.3x100/118=7.88
3.9x100/21=18.57ms    10.1x100/125=8.08ms

Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
26ms          16.25ms     19.5ms       18.57ms
Cyl#1          Cyl#2          Cyl#3          Cyl#4
11.57ms     10.59ms     7.86ms      8.08ms

Give your conclusion on whether this is an acceptable way to test injectors and why?

We can use this method to calculate how the injectors are open when we don't have a oscilloscope to check the wave patterns and how weather that means the fuel injectors are in good condition or not , so this is an acceptable way to test injectors.

This is good way to check how much fuel is spraying by duty cycle. If this test result all good  that means ECU controll the injector properly and injector solenoid work well. 
However, this test can not guarrant  whether injector work properly like injector spray pattern is not corn shape, this test can not check it.